Childhood trauma and bipolar spectrum: a population-based sample of young adults

Abstract Introduction Childhood trauma has been suggested to be involved in susceptibility to bipolar disorder (BP). However, it remains unclear whether the occurrence of childhood trauma is differently distributed in subthreshold bipolar disorder (SBP). Objective To assess childhood trauma in young adults with SBP, as compared to young adults with BP and population controls (PC). Method This was a cross-sectional, population-based study. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) was used to define the groups with BP (subjects with a lifetime or current manic episode or lifetime or current hypomania with a history of a depressive episode), SBP (subjects with a history of hypomanic episode without lifetime or current depressive episode), and subjects without mood disorders (PC). Childhood trauma was assessed using de Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). We investigated differences regarding childhood trauma across the three groups (BP, SBP and PC). Result Except for sexual abuse, all subtypes of childhood trauma remained associated with the BP group as compared to PC. Additionally, when we compared SBP and BP, significant differences were found only for emotional abuse. No significant differences were found in relation to childhood trauma between the SBP and PC groups after adjusting for confounding factors. Conclusion These findings suggest that investigating childhood trauma, with a particular focus on emotional abuse, could be considered a preventive measure and potentially improve the prognosis.

Effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy after treatment for adults with major depression / Efeito da terapia cognitivo-comportamental um ano após tratamento para adultos com transtorno depressivo maior / Efecto de la terapia cognitiva comportamental un año después tratamiento para transtorno depresivo mayor

In Brazil, little is known about the maintenance of results after treatment of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for major depressive disorder (MDD). The objective of this study was to verify the effectiveness of individual psychotherapeutic treatment from CBT for depressive symptoms within 6 and 12 months after the intervention. We evaluated 94 participants with MDD from the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). There was significant posttreatment response (p < 0.001), with no difference between the end of the treatment and the symptom assessment at 6 (p = 0.486) and 12 months (p = 0.098). A significant positive correlation was observed between the intensity of depressive symptoms at the baseline and the reduction of initial symptoms for 12-month follow-up (r = 0.49; p < 0.001). CBT significantly reduces depressive symptoms by maintaining this condition up to 12 months post-intervention without significant influence of other characteristics beyond the intensity of depressive symptoms at the beginning of the therapeutic process.

No Brasil, pouco se sabe sobre a manutenção dos resultados pós-tratamento da terapia cognitivo-comportamental (TCC) para o transtorno depressivo maior (TDM). Objetivou-se verificar a efetividade do tratamento psicoterápico individual a partir da TCC para os sintomas depressivos em um período de 6 e 12 meses pós-intervenção. Avaliaram-se 94 participantes com TDM a partir do Inventário Beck de Depressão (BDI-II). Houve resposta significativa pós-tratamento (p < 0,001), não ocorrendo diferenças entre o final do tratamento e a avaliação dos sintomas aos 6 (p = 0,486) e 12 meses (p = 0,098). Uma correlação positiva significativa foi observada entre a intensidade dos sintomas depressivos no baseline e a redução de sintomas iniciais para o acompanhamento de 12 meses (r = 0,49; p < 0,001). A TCC reduz significativamente os sintomas depressivos mantendo essa condição até 12 meses pós-intervenção sem influência significativa de outras características além da intensidade dos sintomas depressivos no início do processo terapêutico.

Este estudio verificó la efectividad del tratamiento psicoterápico individual a partir de la terapia cognitiva conductual (TCC) para los síntomas depresivos dentro de los 6 y 12 meses post-intervención. Se evaluaron 94 participantes con TDM a partir del Inventario Beck de depresión (BDI-II). Se observó una respuesta significativa post-tratamiento (p < 0,001), no ocurrieron diferencias entre el final del tratamiento y la evaluación de los síntomas a los 6 (p = 0,486) y 12 meses (p = 0,098). Había una correlación positiva significativa entre la intensidad de los síntomas depresivos en el baseline y la reducción de los síntomas iniciales para el seguimiento de 12 meses (r = 0,49; p < 0,001). La TCC reduce significativamente los síntomas depresivos manteniendo esa condición hasta 12 meses después de la intervención sin influencia significativa de otras características además de la intensidad de los síntomas depresivos al inicio del proceso terapéutico.